B.ED

1. Foundations of Education
   • Philosophical foundations (Indian and Western philosophies)
   • Sociological foundations (education and society, social change, equality)
   • Psychological foundations (learning theories, motivation, intelligence, personality)
2. Childhood and Growing Up
   • Stages of human development
   • Adolescence and its challenges
   • Role of family, school, and society in development
   • Individual differences
3. Contemporary India and Education
   • Education in pre- and post-independence India
   • Constitutional provisions and policies
   • Issues of equity, equality, and access
   • Inclusive education
4. Learning and Teaching
   • Theories of learning (behaviorism, constructivism, cognitivism)
   • Teaching methods and strategies
   • Classroom management
   • Assessment and evaluation
5. Pedagogy of School Subjects (Choose as per specialization, e.g.,)
   • Pedagogy of Mathematics
   • Pedagogy of Science
   • Pedagogy of Social Science
   • Pedagogy of English/Hindi/Regional Language
   • Pedagogy of Computer Science, etc.
6. Knowledge and Curriculum
   • Curriculum development and planning
   • Curriculum transaction and evaluation
   • Textbook analysis
   • Hidden curriculum
7. Assessment for Learning
   • Types of assessment (formative, summative, diagnostic)
   • Tools and techniques of evaluation
   • Grading and feedback
   • Continuous and comprehensive evaluation (CCE)
8. Creating an Inclusive School
   • Concept and need for inclusion
   • Policies and practices for inclusive education
   • Addressing diverse learning needs
   • Role of teachers in inclusion
9. Gender, School, and Society
   • Gender roles and stereotypes
   • Gender equality in education
   • Strategies for gender-sensitive teaching
10. Optional/Enrichment Courses (varies by university)
    • Environmental Education
    • Health and Physical Education
    • Value Education
    • Guidance and Counselling
    • ICT in Education
11. Language Across the Curriculum
    • Role of language in learning
    • Multilingualism in the classroom
    • Language skills development
12. School Internship/Practicum
    • Teaching practice in schools
    • Lesson planning and delivery
    • Classroom observation and reflection
    • Action research/project work
13. Workshops and Seminars
    • Communication skills
    • Life skills
    • Art and drama in education